PHP | Today I Learned

Trying to use undefined properties in PHP stdClass objects gives you a "warning" as of PHP 8 (it used to be a "notice" that, being realistic, you ignored).

One way to fix code that looks like the following is to use the new "null coalescing" operator (??):

$a = new stdClass;

$a->first = 1;

// This will give you a warning

$b = array($a->first, $a->second ?: NULL);

// This is fine

$c = array($a->first, $a->second ?? NULL);

When a development team is working on a PHP project that uses Composer with Git, it often happens that there are conflicts on the composer.lock file, on the "content hash" line.

To solve this, Composer provides a way to update the lock file from the installed packages, including the content hash value: composer update --lock. This does not update every package to the latest versions (as composer update would do).

An unclosed PHP output buffer can cause PHPUnit tests to be marked as "risky". This is not documented, but clear in the source code.

PHP supports the "data: stream wrapper" natively, so you don't have to do ugly string manipulation to get, for example, the data from a string such as data://text/plain;base64,SSBsb3ZlIFBIUAo=. Instead, you can do this:

$string = 'data://text/plain;base64,SSBsb3ZlIFBIUAo=';

$source = fopen($string, 'r');

$destination = fopen('myfile.txt', 'w');

stream_copy_to_stream($source, $destination);

fclose($source);

fclose($destination);

Apparently, PHP can work just fine without loading a php.ini configuration file. I have no idea where it gets its default configuration from (for example, a value of 128M for memory_limit), but luckily phpinfo() will tell you where it's looking for a php.ini (search for "Configuration File" in its output), so you can just add the file in that path and it will get picked up.

There's a simple algorithm that uses the Bayes theorem that can be used to classify documents, using their text tokenized into individual words, into categories (e.g. tags on a website). The classifier needs to be trained with existing data, and then it will return which categories a new document probably belongs to.